Karizma: kojim crtama ličnosti raspolažu rođeni vođe?

• Post by: bivanovic
• 27.09.2021.
• Comments off

Sažetak

Karizma je osobina nekih pojedinaca da svojom pojavom i nekonvencionalnim idejama inspiriraju druge i potaknu ih na djelovanje. Sukladno tome, karizmatski vođe nadahnjuju pratitelje zagovaranjem promjena, što potiče iznimnu predanost i odanost pratitelja vođi. Ovaj rad opisuje etimologiju i razvoj pojma karizme te opisuje socijalizirano i personalizirano vodstvo. Socijalizirano vodstvo orijentirano je na potrebe pratitelja te potiče egalitarno ponašanje, dok se personalizirano vodstvo fokusira na potrebe vođe te pratioce tretira kao sredstvo za postizanje cilja. U središtu su rada osobine ličnosti vezane uz vođe, osobine ličnosti vezane uz karizmatsko vodstvo te osobine ličnosti vezane uz tamnu stranu karizme. Karizmatske vođe karakterizira visoka razina kreativnosti, kognitivna orijentacija prema postignuću, visoka posvećenost cilju te potreba za socijalnim utjecajem i moći. Personalizirano vodstvo, koje se navodi kao tamna strana karizme, karakterizira sklonost zrcaljenju, narcizam, makijavelizam te autoritarno ponašanje. Zaključno, rad sažima generalna saznanja u području karizme te se osvrće na nedostatke u njenom proučavanju.

Ključne riječi: karizma, karizmatsko vodstvo, osobine ličnosti

Abstract

Charisma is an ability to inspire and incite others with their demeanour and unconventional ideas that certain individuals have. Accordingly, charismatic leaders motivate their followers by advocating for change, which in turn leads to increased feelings of devotion and loyalty to the leader. This article describes the etymology and development of the concept of charisma and defines socialised and personalised charismatic leadership. Socialised leadership is focused on the needs of the followers and encourages egalitarian behaviour. Personalised leadership tends to concentrate on the needs of the leader while the followers are treated as a mean to achieve the leader’s goal. The article focuses primarily on personality traits related to leaders, personality traits related to charismatic leadership, as well as personality traits related to the dark side of charisma. Charismatic leaders are characterised by a high level of creativity, cognitive orientation, and high commitment towards their goal, as well as a high need for social influence and power. Personalised leadership, which is explained as the dark side of charisma, is marked by mirroring, narcissism, Machiavellianism and authoritarian behaviour. Finally, general findings about the concept of charisma are summarised and certain drawbacks in its research are discussed.

Keywords: charisma, charismatic leadership, personality traits